Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine CONFIRMATORY factor STRUCTURE, reliability and validity of the Achenbach Youth Self-Report Scale (YSR) for a group of 11 to 18 years old monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) youth twins.Method: n=236 pair of twins (133 MZ, 103 DZ, 259 girls, and 213 boys) were selected through announcement of the Iranian Association of Twins and completed the YSR scales. To investigate CONFIRMATORY factor STRUCTURE of the data WLS estimation method was applied using Item parceling procedure. For evaluating adequacy and Goodness of fitness of the model NNFI, RMR, RMSEA, CFI, AGFI, GFI, ECVI, X2, X2/doff, Dc2 indices were computed. Optimal levels of test-retest reliability, internal consistency and inter-rater reliability scores were estimated for the YSR scale.Results: Findings supported the goodness of fitness of eight-factor oblique factor STRUCTURE of the YSR. Construct-related validity of the scale was calculated according to correlation coefficients between the scores on the YSR and three subscales scores of the Junior Essence Personality Questionnaire (JEPQ).Conclusions: Results supported the CONFIRMATORY factor STRUCTURE, reliability and validity of the YSR for research and clinical diagnostic applications.

Background & Objective: The symptoms of obsession and compulsion in schools are different, and many of them are more well-known compared to other compulsions, and some of them are also less discussed. One type of obsessive-compulsive disorder which is less addressed is reading and writing compulsion which is manifested by rereading and rewriting pattern. Rereading and rewriting is one of the common symptoms of compulsion in schools. Individuals affected by reading and writing compulsion suffer high psychological pressure during reading and writing performance. Enjoyment reduction, slowness and repetition during reading and writing are the most significant problems of such students. Additionally, social issues, isolation and low self-esteem are also the main problems of students affected by this disorder. Of course, despite the reading and writing compulsion has such important outcomes, reviewing domestic and foreign information sources showed that the single available independent scale to evaluate this disorder among the students is the reading and writing compulsion scale (Emamgholizadeh, 2017). Therefore, regarding the reading and writing compulsion has a significant effect on the educational and behavioral functions of students, the validation of the above-mentioned scale can help the screening and assessment of the reading and writing compulsion of high school students and the development of studies within the educational domain. In this way, the objective of this study is to examine the psychometric characteristics (CONFIRMATORY FACTORIAL analysis, differential validity, reliability and cutting point) of the reading and writing compulsion scale among the high school students in Babol city. Methods: The present research was a descriptive type and of psychometric studies. Statistical population of this research includes all high school students of Babol city during the academic year 2017 – 2018. Out of this number, 410 students (172 girl students and 238 boy students with age range between 15-18 years old) were selected randomly using multi-stage clustering sampling method as the sample and completed the reading and writing compulsion scale. The STRUCTURE of the reading and writing compulsion scale factors was performed using the CONFIRMATORY FACTORIAL Analysis; the differential validity was performed using the independent t-test, the `scale reliability performed by Cronbach alpha coefficient, and determination of cutting point was performed using ROC curve and Youden’ s index. Lisrel software version 8. 50 and Medcale software version18. 5 used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated lack of desirable goodness of the original model of reading and writing compulsion scale (21-item), but after the omission of three items, the second model with 18 items enjoyed a desirable goodness index. The indices of the CONFIRMATORY FACTORIAL analysis such as chi-square value (1. 99), Root mean squared error approximation (RMSEA) (0. 049), Comparative fit index (CFI) (0. 93), Goodness fit index (GFI) (0. 93), Adjusted goodness fit index (AGFI) (0. 91), Non-normed fit index (NNFI) (0. 93), have also confirmed the goodness of four-component model with 18 items, after omission of three items. According to the original research, these factors were called rewriting, rereading, perfectionist slow reading, and over close reading. Also, the significant difference between the scores of students affected by the reading and writing compulsion disorder and those of the healthy students represented the differential validity of scale in the assessment of reading and writing compulsion. Cronbach alpha coefficient index used to estimate the internal consistency of this scale, which its value was calculated 0. 84 for total scale which shows that this scale enjoys a desired internal consistency. ROC curve and Youden’ s index used to determine the cutting point of scale; Area under ROC curve was equal to 0. 80. Using Youden’ s index, the cutting point 82 considered as the best cutting point of the scale. In this point, the sensitivity and the specificity of the scale were 66. 67 and 83. 33, respectively. Conclusion: The result of the present study showed that a modified version of reading and writing compulsion scale the desirable validity and reliability. This scale can be used for screening and assessment of reading and writing compulsion of high school students as well as research studies.

In order to interstigate the FACTORIAL STRUCTURE and Psychometry features of social problem- Solving questionnaire (long revised form). 242 male students and 248 female students of Islamic University Roudehen Branch were tested. Analysis of the main components were approved 5 theoretical factors of Social problem- Solving (including positive ovientation toward problem, negative orientation toward problem, logical Solving of Problem, avoidance Style and impulsion/ Carelessness Style) and the resuit of approval FACTORIAL STRUCTURE was Supported. Correlation coefficients between factorsof social problem- solving questionnaire and 24- question Scale Problem- Solving methods questionnaire of Kasidi and Long Shows the convergent reliability of- this questionnaire. (Cronbach reliability coefficients equaled 0.80, 0.90, 0.84, 0.71 for factors of positive orientation toward problem, logical Solving of problem, avoidance style and impulsion/ Carelessness style.) The results of this research show the consistency of FACTORIAL STRUCTURE of Social problem- Solving measurement among Iranian students.

In order to inrestigate of FACTORIAL STRUCTURE and psychometry features of social problem – Solving questionnaire (long revised from), 242 male students and 248 female students of Islamic University Roudehen Branch were tested. Analysis of the main components were approved 5 theoretical factors of Social problem – Solving (including positive orientation toward problem, negative orientation toward problem, logical Solving of Problem, avoidance Style and impulsion / Carelessness Style) and he resuit of approval FACTORIAL STRUCTURE was Supported. Correlation coefficients between factors of social problem – solving questionnaire and 24 – question Scale Problem –Solving methods questionnaire of Kasidi and Long Shows the convergent reliability of – this questionnaire.(ronbach & coefficients equaled 0.80, 0.90, 0.84, 0.71 in order for factoros of positive orientation toward problem, logical Solving of problem, avoidance style and impulsion / Careless ness style. The result of this research shows the consistency of FACTORIAL STRUCTURE of Social problem – Solving measurement among Iranian students.

The purpose of this study was to validation of Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ). The research method was descriptive. The population of the administrative staff of the five government agencies located in the city of Sanandaj official sites, including gas, electrical distribution company, Social Security Organization, Imam Khomeini Relief foundation, and the organization of Registration of a deeds and properties Kurdistan's. with regard the ratio of employees in any organization, a sample of 131 subjects were selected by classified random sampling. Data gathering tool was Authentic Leadership Questionnaire. Analysis was performed using CONFIRMATORY factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and one sample t-test. The results showed that the Construct validity and in tornal consistency of the Authentic Leadership questionnaire was confirmed. The results also showed that Authentic Leadership status in the organizations studied was an above average.

Aim and Background: It is essential to design a scale for the evaluation of aggressive attitudes and behaviors, and to investigate its outcomes and factors effective on. The aim of this research was the evaluation of reliability and validity of affective styles scale and the relation of its components with aggressive attitudes.Methods and Materials: The validation and correlative research methods were used. A sample of 350 Bachelor’s students was selected from students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Sampling method used was quota sampling. The affective styles scale (ASQ) of Hofmann and Kashdan, and aggressive attitudes scale of Izenk-Wilson were completed by participants. The validity and reliability of affective styles scale were verified by Cronbach’s alpha, content and construct validity, CFA, and PCA.Findings: Results showed that the dominant affective style in students is emotional adjustment. Furthermore, results show that there was a statistically significant negative relation between concealment and aggression (r=-0.11, P<0.05), and emotional adjustment and aggressive attitudes (r=-0.27, P<0.05). However, there was no significant relation between aggressive attitudes and emotional tolerance. Multiple regression analysis results showed that emotional self-regulating components can predict aggressive attitudes (P<0.01).Conclusions: Emotional self-regulating scale is valid and reliable for Iranian students. In addition, we can say that one of the factors related to aggressive attitudes is emotional style.

The purpose of the present research was to investigate the FACTORIAL STRUCTURE of Persian version of the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB) in students’ population. First, the subtests were translated into Farsi. Then, it was retranslated into English and compared with the original version to find and correct the gaps between the translated version and the original version. Finally, after the pilot study and resolving the mistakes, the final subtests were carried out for sample group consisting of 315 students studying in Humanities and basic Sciences in Tabriz Payame Noor University. In this study, CONFIRMATORY Factor Analysis (CFA) and also Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were conducted on the 10 subtests of the MAB, using a Principal Component Analysis, with Varimax Rotation. Cattell’s scree plot and Horn’s parallel analysis indicated the two factor solutions. The results showed the two factors clearly. The first factor accounted for 41.24% and the second factor about 14.98% of the variance in the subtests set. As the original scale, these factors were called Performance and Verbal scales, according to subtests contents.

The defense style questionnaire was examined through factor analyses on clinical and non-clinical samples by several researchers, namely Bond (1983), Andrews et al. (1993). Although their findings are somehow similar, there are some contradictions in their final results: there is not total consistency among different existing results. The present study is the factor analysis of this questionnaire with a total sample of 666 Iranian high school students and 401 university students. The objective of this study was identifying the number of factors related to their defense styles. The results of explorative parallel factor analysis indicated that in the whole statistical population (n=1067), three distinct factors were observed. In spite of differences of defense mechanism types embodied in each style, our results are in accordance with the early data reported by Andrew et al. (1993) and the findings of other researchers.

The concept of organizational transparency has vaulted to prominence in recent years and established as a necessity in the fight against organizational and individual irregularities (corruption, fraud, financial scandals). While Guidelines exist to help organizations be more transparent, but the real test is how stakeholders perceive an organization’ s transparency and there have been no efforts to measure this abstract concept. The purpose of this study was to validation of Organizational Transparency Questionnaire. Therefore the research method was descriptive. Statistical population was Roads and Urban Development General Directorate staff of Kerman and 118 subjects were selected using random sampling. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviations and inferential tests including first order CONFIRMATORY factor analysis, second order CONFIRMATORY factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Statistical software were SPPS19 and Lisrel8. 5. The results showed that four indicators of Organizational Transparency Questionnaire were Reducible to Four dimensions Include Participation, Substantial information, accountability and Secrecy. Also reliability of this scale also was approved. The results also showed that Organizational Transparency status from the standpoint of the sample was average. Based on the results, Rawlins Transparency Inventory (2008) can be used in Iran.